Urban foxes have adapted successfully to city environments but face welfare threats from mange, road traffic, and human conflict, requiring coexistence strategies.
Urban foxes living with mange experience progressive hair loss, intense itching from mite infestation, secondary skin infections, and weakening that eventually leads to death. The condition is treatable if caught early. Road traffic deaths are often instantaneous but injured animals may suffer for hours. Poisoning causes prolonged internal bleeding and distress. Urban fox welfare requires both individual treatment approaches and population-level disease management.