The use of animals in film and television production involves significant welfare risks, and standards of oversight and protection vary enormously between countries and productions.
Animals used in film and television face welfare risks including stress from unfamiliar environments, noise, crowds, and repeated takes. Training methods for performing animals have historically included aversive techniques that cause fear and pain. The welfare of exotic animals on sets is particularly concerning - their behavioral complexity and stress sensitivity make film environments highly challenging. CGI represents the most welfare-consistent alternative for most applications. Where live animals are used, independent welfare monitors present throughout filming, pre-production welfare assessment, and transparent reporting of animal incidents are the minimum standards for responsible production.