Gilthead seabream is one of Mediterranean aquaculture's most important species, with millions of tonnes produced annually in conditions that increasingly face scrutiny over disease, stress, and slaughter welfare.
Mediterranean seabream aquaculture faces significant welfare challenges related to the intensive nature of sea cage production. CO2 stunning before slaughter, while common, is aversive - fish exposed to high CO2 show distress behaviors before becoming insensible. Eye injuries from aggression in crowded conditions are common and can cause chronic pain. Ectoparasite infestations cause direct irritation and immunosuppression. Water quality fluctuations in coastal sea cage environments expose fish to rapidly changing conditions. Improvements in slaughter methods, stocking density regulation, and parasite management would significantly improve seabream welfare.