Atlantic halibut is one of the most challenging species to farm, with complex behavioral and physiological needs that make welfare management in aquaculture conditions particularly demanding.
Halibut aquaculture presents distinctive welfare challenges at every life stage. Larvae and juveniles require very precise conditions, and small deviations cause high mortality or developmental abnormalities. Aggressive interactions cause fin and skin damage. Adult halibut in crowded tanks show stereotypic behavior patterns. The long production cycle means welfare problems have extended timeframes to cause suffering. Slaughter welfare is an emerging concern - halibut are rarely stunned before killing, often being killed by chilling in ice water, which is slow and potentially painful. Improved welfare protocols, particularly for slaughter, are urgently needed.