Zoo Animals in Extreme Heat: Welfare During Heatwaves

As climate change drives more frequent and severe heatwaves, zoos face growing challenges ensuring the thermal welfare of animals from diverse climatic backgrounds, with some species particularly at risk.

Key Facts

Zoos house animals from tropical, temperate, and Arctic environments, each with different thermal tolerances
Arctic species such as polar bears and snow leopards may experience heat stress during summer heatwaves
Many zoos lack adequate indoor air-conditioned facilities for heat-sensitive species
Behavioral indicators of heat stress include panting, seeking shade, reduced activity, and increased water intake
Cold-adapted species have limited thermoregulatory capacity and can suffer heat stroke at relatively moderate temperatures
Best practice includes ice blocks, misters, shade provision, and access to pools during hot weather
Climate projections indicate that many current zoo climates will become increasingly unsuitable for cold-adapted species
The Association of Zoos and Aquariums provides guidance on heat emergency protocols for member institutions

Welfare Considerations

Heat stress causes physiological suffering including elevated heart rate, hyperthermia, and in severe cases organ failure and death. Cold-adapted zoo animals are particularly vulnerable when ambient temperatures exceed their thermoregulatory capacity. Many older zoo facilities were built without climate change in mind, lacking adequate cooling infrastructure. The increasing frequency of heatwaves means zoos must proactively invest in cooling solutions and have clear heat emergency protocols. Long-term, the suitability of certain zoo locations for particular species may need to be reconsidered as climates shift.

What You Can Do

Support zoo accreditation standards that require adequate climate control for housed species
Advocate for zoo capital investment in climate adaptation infrastructure
Learn which zoo species are most vulnerable to heat stress and support relevant welfare programs
Donate to zoos with strong welfare track records that are adapting to climate change
Support climate action broadly to reduce the frequency and severity of extreme heat events