Breeding sows in commercial pig farming are replaced at high rates, often after just 2-3 years of production. Understanding the welfare implications of high sow turnover reveals systemic problems in modern pig farming.
The high culling rate of sows reflects chronic welfare problems embedded in the genetics and management of commercial pig breeding. Lameness causes significant pain and mobility impairment, yet affected sows are often left in the system until reaching a cull threshold rather than receiving prompt veterinary treatment. The metabolic demands of hyperprolific genetics - producing 14-16 piglets per litter - leave sows in negative energy balance that impairs immune function and tissue repair. Prolapse is an acutely painful condition that causes significant suffering before veterinary intervention. The short productive lifespan indicates that the system is pushing breeding sows beyond sustainable biological limits, with welfare suffering as a consequence.