Selective breeding for exaggerated physical traits has created widespread inherited health problems in many dog breeds. Understanding the welfare implications of breed-related health problems informs responsible ownership and advocacy.
Breed-related inherited disease causes chronic suffering in millions of dogs globally. Brachycephalic dogs may spend their entire lives with difficulty breathing - a continuous welfare compromise that is normalized because it is considered 'normal for the breed.' Dogs with syringomyelia experience phantom pain from spinal fluid pressure changes that cannot be communicated to owners. Hip dysplasia causes progressive joint pain throughout adulthood that limits mobility and activity. The welfare cost of inherited disease across the UK dog population is enormous and largely preventable through responsible breeding practices. The commercial incentive to produce popular breeds in high volume has perpetuated health problems despite veterinary and welfare advocacy against exaggerated conformations.