Footrot is one of the most prevalent welfare problems in sheep globally. Understanding its causes, prevention and welfare-sensitive management helps improve the lives of millions of sheep.
Footrot causes intense pain that profoundly affects sheep welfare. Affected animals spend more time lying down, walk with characteristic reluctance placing weight on their knees rather than their feet, and show reduced grazing and increased social isolation. The pain is sufficient to cause weight loss and impair reproductive performance. Without treatment, the infection can spread to the deeper foot structures causing permanent damage. The bacteria persists in infected feet for months, meaning that untreated animals remain infectious sources within the flock while suffering continuously. The welfare case for early detection and treatment is strong, yet many flocks continue to carry high levels of footrot because of inadequate inspection frequency and the absence of systematic eradication programs. Eradication is achievable but requires sustained commitment.