Turbot and other flatfish are farmed in increasing quantities in Europe and Asia. Their specialized morphology and behavioral needs create unique welfare challenges that differ significantly from round-bodied fish like salmon.
Flatfish welfare requires rethinking the metrics applied to round fish. A turbot on the tank bottom in a high density situation may appear sedentary but experience significant behavioral restriction and competition stress. The development of species-appropriate welfare indicators for flatfish - including skin condition scores, positioning behavior, and feeding motivation tests - is still in early stages. Turbot are also sensitive to light: natural diel cycles and appropriate spectrum light reduce stress. European aquaculture certification schemes are beginning to incorporate flatfish-specific criteria.