The immediate separation of dairy calves from their mothers at or shortly after birth causes distress to both, and alternatives including extended contact are gaining research and industry attention.
Mother-calf separation is one of the most significant welfare concerns in dairy farming, causing acute distress and prolonged calling in both cows and calves. The evidence is clear that both animals experience separation as deeply stressful, and that this stress is greater after extended contact. Research into extended contact systems shows benefits for calf welfare and development, but presents management challenges for dairy farms. Systems that allow natural nursing while also managing milk offtake exist and some farms have adopted them. Consumer willingness to pay for extended contact dairy is an important market driver for change.