Horses are highly social animals whose welfare is profoundly affected by the presence or absence of compatible companions, with isolation causing significant psychological distress.
Equine social isolation is a significant and widely underappreciated welfare problem. Horses that are stabled alone, or prevented from meaningful social interaction with companions, experience chronic psychological distress. The stress of isolation manifests in elevated stress hormones, stereotypic weaving and wind-sucking behaviours, and behavioural problems under handling. Even horses kept outdoors in paddocks without companions suffer if isolated. Social management - keeping horses with compatible companions, allowing mutual grooming contact, and managing groups with consideration for individual social needs - is fundamental to equine welfare.