Whale watching is a major global industry that can benefit conservation but also disturbs cetaceans - evidence-based best practice guidelines protect welfare while maintaining educational and economic value.
Whale watching welfare management is fundamentally about balancing economic and educational value against disturbance costs to animals. Research consistently shows that vessels repeatedly approaching cetaceans at close range disrupts foraging efficiency, increases travel speed and heart rate, and reduces time spent in socially important behaviours. Calves and mothers are particularly vulnerable. Best practice guidelines requiring minimum 100-300 metre approach distances, engine management and time limits per encounter significantly reduce welfare harm. Choosing certified responsible operators actively incentivises industry-wide improvement.