Selective breeding for production traits has created welfare problems in many livestock species - the genetics-welfare relationship requires explicit consideration in breeding program design.
Livestock genetics welfare represents a structural challenge in animal agriculture. Production system economics incentivise extreme trait selection that maximises yield while welfare costs are externalised. Breeding programs that include welfare indicators in selection indices can shift this dynamic. The evidence base for genetics-welfare links is well-established for broilers, dairy cows and Belgian Blue cattle. Industry-led breed reforms including the Better Chicken Commitment's breed requirements and dairy genetics programs addressing metabolic disease demonstrate that commercial pressure can drive welfare-positive genetic change. Consumer and retailer engagement is essential to maintain that pressure.