Aggression in indoor cats is frequently redirected from external stimuli - understanding this mechanism prevents inappropriate owner responses that worsen welfare.
Redirected aggression welfare management requires owner understanding that the aggressive behaviour is not directed at them personally but represents overflow arousal from an inaccessible stimulus. Attempting to soothe or physically restrain an aroused cat causes severe injury and teaches the cat that human approach during arousal leads to pain and conflict. Welfare-appropriate response is to give the cat space and time to de-arouse - typically 20-30 minutes. Environmental management that reduces exposure to triggering stimuli (outdoor cats seen through windows) addresses the root cause. Consultation with a clinical animal behaviourist is appropriate for frequent or severe redirected aggression affecting household welfare.