Komodo dragons are large, active predators with complex thermoregulatory and spatial needs that present significant welfare challenges in zoo settings.
Komodo dragon welfare in zoos has historically been poor, with animals maintained in enclosures that prevent expression of normal predatory and exploratory behaviour. Large active predators kept in small, featureless enclosures develop stereotypic pacing behaviours that indicate chronic welfare failure. Modern exhibit design that provides appropriate thermal gradients, substrate depth for digging, climbing opportunities, and complex feeding presentations can dramatically improve welfare for these impressive animals.