Long-distance transport of live cattle is one of the most significant welfare challenges in international animal trade. Understanding the evidence base supports advocacy for stronger protections.
Long-distance cattle transport involves sustained welfare compromise at multiple stages: loading stress, vehicle motion, crowding, heat or cold exposure, deprivation of food and water, and repeated unloading. The evidence consistently shows that welfare deteriorates with journey length. The UK's ban on live exports for slaughter and fattening represents significant progress, while EU reforms remain ongoing. Replacing live animal transport with trade in meat and genetic material is the most effective long-term welfare solution, eliminating the transport welfare problem entirely.