Commercial sows are typically culled at 3-4 years of age after 5-6 litters, far below their natural lifespan, with welfare implications for animals that experience declining conditions as culling approaches.
The short productive lifespan of commercial sows reflects an economic logic rather than a welfare one. Sows approaching the end of their productive life often experience declining welfare - lameness, poor body condition, reproductive problems - that precedes the culling decision. A welfare-sensitive approach to sow management would identify and address declining welfare proactively, provide appropriate pain management for lame sows, and avoid transporting severely compromised animals. Extending productive sow lifespan through genetic selection and better management would reduce the welfare burden associated with premature culling and improve the profitability of the operation simultaneously.