Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a progressive neurological condition analogous to human dementia, affecting an estimated 14-35% of dogs over 8 years. Recognition and management can significantly improve quality of life for affected dogs.
CDS causes progressive cognitive loss that affects the dog's ability to navigate familiar environments, recognise family members, and regulate basic functions. The condition causes genuine distress including anxiety and confusion, particularly in the disorientation episodes that are characteristic of advanced CDS. Quality of life assessment in CDS dogs requires attention to the frequency of distressing episodes, ability to engage in enjoyable activities, and degree of comfort. Proactive management and honest quality of life monitoring are essential welfare responsibilities for owners of older dogs.