Whimbrels pass through the UK in spring and autumn on remarkable long-distance migrations. Their welfare during these journeys is shaped by the quality of stopover sites and the challenges of intercontinental flight.
Whimbrel welfare during migration is shaped by the critical balance between fat reserves and the energetic demands of intercontinental flight. Birds that arrive at UK staging sites in poor condition from previous migration stages face the welfare challenge of rapid fattening on limited foraging time before continuing. Loss of coastal wetland refuelling habitat reduces available foraging opportunities, forcing birds to extend staging or depart in poor condition. Birds shot during migration in parts of the flyway experience direct welfare harm. The welfare of individual whimbrels is inseparable from the network of international staging sites that sustain their journeys - protecting this network is a welfare obligation with conservation consequences.