Most UK eggs now come from free-range or barn systems, but enriched colony cages are still used. Understanding the welfare differences helps consumers make informed choices.
The enriched colony vs free-range welfare comparison shows free-range as superior on most behavioural metrics, while enriched colonies perform better on some health indicators. Free-range hens can dust-bathe, forage, perch at height, and exhibit a wider range of natural behaviours. Enriched colony hens are protected from some outdoor hazards including predators and disease exposure but are severely restricted in behavioural expression. The keel bone fracture problem in free-range systems represents a genuine welfare gap requiring attention through perch design, breed selection, and management improvement.