The debate between shod and barefoot horse management touches on fundamental questions of hoof health, movement, and welfare, with evidence supporting species-appropriate hoof care over one-size-fits-all approaches.
Horse hoof welfare depends on appropriate, regular care regardless of whether the horse is shod or barefoot. Neglected hooves cause pain and lameness - a welfare emergency. The choice between shoeing and barefoot should be guided by the individual horse's needs, work type, and terrain rather than ideology. Well-transitioned, appropriately managed barefoot horses often have excellent hoof health; poorly managed barefoot horses develop problems quickly. The welfare imperative is regular care by a qualified farrier or hoof care professional.