Pangasius (basa/swai) is one of the world's most traded fish, farmed primarily in Vietnam. Welfare standards in this sector have historically been poor but are improving under export market pressure.
Pangasius welfare has improved significantly in certified production systems in response to European market requirements. However, uncertified production - which supplies much of the world market - continues to involve poor water quality, high densities, and inadequate health management. The species' ability to survive poor conditions does not mean it thrives in them; physiological stress responses indicate genuine welfare compromise even when fish appear to function. Consumer choice of certified pangasius or alternative species can drive continued welfare improvement in this globally significant sector.