Bycatch Observer Programmes: Improving Data and Accountability

Independent observer programmes on fishing vessels are among the most important tools for monitoring bycatch, yet coverage remains inadequate and observers face significant challenges.

Key Facts

Estimated global bycatch is 9-40 million tonnes annually - a huge range reflecting poor data
Observer coverage varies from near-zero in many developing-world fisheries to 100% in some NZ fisheries
Electronic monitoring using cameras has emerged as a scalable alternative to human observers
Observer safety has been a major concern - at least 4 US fishery observers have been killed on the job
Data from observer programmes has revealed systematic bycatch that industries previously denied
New Zealand's transition to universal electronic monitoring was driven partly by observer safety concerns
EU Common Fisheries Policy requires observer coverage but actual coverage falls short of targets

Welfare Considerations

Observer programmes are essential to honest accounting of fishing's welfare impacts on non-target animals. Without independent observation, bycatch data is largely self-reported by fishing industries with commercial incentives to minimise reported totals. Observer evidence has repeatedly revealed that actual bycatch - of seabirds, turtles, marine mammals, and non-target fish - substantially exceeds what industries report. The welfare stakes are enormous: bycatch animals experience drowning, injury, exhaustion, and often death. Electronic monitoring offers the prospect of near-universal coverage without the cost and safety risks of human observers. The strongest welfare argument for comprehensive monitoring is simple: we cannot reduce what we do not measure honestly.

What You Can Do

Support campaigns for mandatory electronic monitoring on fishing vessels in UK and EU waters
Choose seafood from fisheries with high observer coverage and transparent bycatch reporting
Advocate for full implementation of EU Common Fisheries Policy observer requirements
Support Marine Stewardship Council certification standards that include bycatch monitoring requirements
Engage with the World Wildlife Fund on sustainable seafood and bycatch reduction campaigns