Farrowing crates confine sows during and after birth to reduce piglet crushing, but cause significant welfare costs - the science informing reform is advancing rapidly.
The farrowing crate represents one of the most significant acute welfare compromises in commercial pig production. Sows experience frustration from inability to perform highly motivated nesting behaviour, and physical discomfort from prolonged confinement on hard floors. The scientific evidence that well-designed loose farrowing systems can maintain acceptable piglet survival has been pivotal in driving legislative reform across Europe. Transitioning the industry to loose farrowing while supporting farmers through the investment costs is a major challenge.