Commercial turkeys are typically raised in intensive indoor systems with significant welfare challenges - reform efforts focus on stocking density, enrichment, and breed welfare.
Commercial turkey production has replicated many of the welfare problems seen in broiler chickens - extreme fast growth, impaired mobility, barren environments, and high stocking densities. Turkeys are intelligent, curious birds that in natural conditions would range widely and show complex social and foraging behaviour. Current intensive systems allow little expression of these behaviours. Reform requires breed change to slower-growing lines, enrichment provision, and stocking density limits - all achievable but requiring consumer demand and regulatory pressure to implement at scale.