Primate welfare in zoos depends critically on social housing - species-appropriate group sizes, composition, and social management are essential for good welfare.
Primate social welfare is among the most complex challenges in zoo keeping. Social group composition, stability, and management affect stress levels, reproductive success, and behavioural repertoire. Conflict in poorly managed groups causes injuries and chronic stress. Isolation of primates - even temporarily for veterinary care - causes measurable welfare harm. Best practice requires expert primate keepers who know individual animals, can read social dynamics, and manage introductions carefully. Welfare assessment tools including Qualitative Behaviour Assessment and positive welfare indicators are increasingly used in primate facilities.