Horse Sweet Itch Welfare | Animal Welfare Hub

Sweet itch is an intensely itchy allergic skin condition in horses caused by Culicoides midge bites, causing serious welfare problems if unmanaged.

Key Facts

Sweet itch affects an estimated 5% of horses in the UK
The condition is caused by hypersensitivity to Culicoides midge saliva proteins
Affected horses rub manes, tails and backs to the point of self-wounding and hair loss
The condition is chronic and lifelong - horses do not grow out of it
Management focuses on midge avoidance using rugs, screens and stabling during dawn and dusk
Cytopoint (lokivetmab) has shown promise in clinical trials for equine sweet itch
Genetic studies suggest heritable predisposition, especially in Icelandic and Fjord horses

Welfare Considerations

Sweet itch causes intense, chronic pruritus that severely impacts equine welfare. Affected horses may rub until bleeding, lose condition, and experience significant psychological distress. The condition is frequently underestimated in severity. Year-round management is required and may be time-consuming and costly for owners, creating risks of inadequate care.

What You Can Do

Use close-mesh sweet itch rugs and neck covers from spring through autumn for affected horses
Stable horses during dawn and dusk when midge activity peaks
Apply permethrin-based fly repellents regularly, especially around mane and tail
Consult your vet about newer treatment options and explore sweet itch rugging loan schemes