Many pedigree dog breeds suffer from dangerously low genetic diversity, increasing disease risk and reducing adaptive capacity, with welfare implications for millions of dogs globally.
Genetic diversity is a foundational welfare issue for pedigree dog breeds. Without adequate genetic diversity, disease rates inevitably increase as harmful recessive alleles become more prevalent. Opening breed stud books to strategic outcrossing, mandatory genetic health testing before registration, and moving away from closed registries are all evidence-based approaches to improving pedigree dog welfare at a population level.