Duck welfare in commercial farming has seen significant developments in UK standards, with open water access requirements distinguishing UK and EU standards from lower-welfare global norms.
Duck welfare in the UK has advanced significantly through retailer-driven welfare standards requiring open water access. The evidence for the importance of water immersion to duck welfare is particularly compelling - ducks show strong preference and positive emotional indicators when given open water access. Extending these standards to all commercial duck production, including exports, represents a clear welfare priority.