Neutering rabbits prevents serious health problems, reduces unwanted litters, and can improve behaviour, but must be performed by a rabbit-experienced veterinarian.
Reproductive disease represents one of the greatest preventable welfare burdens in pet rabbits. The very high prevalence of uterine adenocarcinoma in intact females means that spaying is genuinely a life-extending intervention. However, rabbits have historically been considered higher anaesthetic risks, and surgery must be performed by a vet with specific rabbit experience. The risk of anaesthesia is far outweighed by the risk of uterine cancer in the long term.