Gorillas are highly intelligent great apes whose welfare in captivity depends critically on appropriate group composition, space, enrichment, and management that respects their natural behaviour.
Gorillas in poorly designed facilities show high rates of abnormal behaviour including stereotypies, aggression, and self-directed behaviours that signal psychological suffering. Correct group composition - typically one silverback, multiple females, and offspring - is fundamental. Lone or incompatibly paired animals suffer acutely. Cognitive enrichment and the ability to make choices are essential for positive welfare.