Dog Hip Dysplasia: Breeding, Prevention, and Management

Canine hip dysplasia is a heritable developmental condition causing abnormal hip joint formation, leading to pain, reduced mobility, and osteoarthritis that significantly affects quality of life.

Key Facts

Hip dysplasia is most common in large and giant breeds including Labradors, German Shepherds, and Golden Retrievers
The condition results from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors including growth rate
Hip scoring programmes (BVA/KC) assess breeding dogs to reduce prevalence in subsequent generations
Mild to moderate cases may be managed with physiotherapy, weight management, and pain relief
Severe cases often require total hip replacement surgery for adequate quality of life

Welfare Considerations

Hip dysplasia causes chronic pain that progressively worsens as osteoarthritis develops. Dogs may be reluctant to exercise, struggle to rise, and show behavioural changes from persistent pain. Puppies from parents with poor hip scores are statistically more likely to develop the condition. The genetic component means responsible breeding - using dogs with good hip scores and avoiding affected lines - directly reduces future suffering. Physiotherapy and appropriate exercise management can substantially improve quality of life in affected dogs.

What You Can Do

When buying a puppy of a susceptible breed, insist on seeing hip scores for both parents
Report hip scores to the BVA/KC hip scoring scheme when having your own dog scored
Manage your dog's growth rate appropriately in large breeds during the first year
Maintain healthy body weight throughout your dog's life to reduce joint stress
Ask your vet about physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, and pain management options for affected dogs