The Five Domains model of animal welfare provides a comprehensive framework for zoo welfare assessment, covering nutrition, environment, health, behaviour, and mental state.
Key Facts
The Five Domains model was developed by David Mellor and colleagues
It addresses both negative experiences to minimise and positive ones to promote
Mental state (Domain 5) encompasses subjective experience beyond physical needs
Application requires species-specific knowledge of natural behavioural repertoire
Many accredited zoos now use Five Domains as a welfare assessment framework
Welfare Considerations
Five Domains application in zoos marks a shift from 'freedom from' to 'positive welfare' thinking. The framework enables systematic assessment of both absence of suffering and presence of positive experiences. Full implementation requires significant expertise and resources that vary across facilities.
What You Can Do
Support zoos that openly report on welfare assessment using frameworks like Five Domains
Learn about the Five Domains model to better assess zoo welfare claims
Advocate for mandatory welfare assessment using validated frameworks in zoo licensing
Support training initiatives for zoo staff in advanced welfare assessment
Donate to organisations developing and disseminating zoo welfare assessment tools