Indoor cats need stimulating environments to express natural behaviours. Evidence-based enrichment strategies prevent boredom, stress and behaviour problems.
Cats deprived of environmental complexity show chronic stress indicators: over-grooming, aggression, hiding and inappropriate elimination. The Five Freedoms framework demands freedom to express normal behaviour - for cats, this means hunting, climbing, scratching and social interaction on their own terms. Enrichment is not optional; it is a welfare requirement. Rotating novel objects, varying feeding puzzles and providing predictable routine with varied sensory experiences addresses all these needs.