Grey Seal Haul-out Disturbance and Welfare

Grey seals haul out on beaches and rocks to rest, moult and pup. Human disturbance at haul-out sites causes welfare impacts from chronic stress and separation of mothers and pups.

Key Facts

UK hosts 40% of the world's grey seal population - approximately 120,000 individuals
Pupping season runs October-December on exposed Atlantic beaches and island sites
Pups are dependent on their mothers for 3 weeks and cannot survive premature separation
Disturbance causes stampede behaviour causing crush injuries and mother-pup separation
Grey seals are protected under the Conservation of Seals Act 1970

Welfare Considerations

Haul-out disturbance represents a significant and growing welfare problem as coastal tourism increases. When approached, seals stampede into the sea, separating mothers from dependent pups and causing traumatic injury to young animals in the rush. Abandoned pups starve if they cannot relocate their mothers. Adult seals require haul-out time for moult, thermoregulation and rest - chronic disturbance elevates stress hormones and compromises immune function. Viewing distances of 100 metres prevent significant disturbance responses.

What You Can Do

Observe seals from at least 100 metres distance - use binoculars rather than approaching
Keep dogs away from haul-out sites during pupping season October-January
Report injured or abandoned seal pups to the BDMLR national rescue line
Support British Divers Marine Life Rescue seal rescue operations
Engage with coastal access management consultations to protect key haul-out sites