Keel bone fractures are the most prevalent welfare problem in laying hens. High rates across all housing systems make this a top priority for welfare research and improvement.
Keel bone fractures represent the most pervasive unaddressed welfare problem in global egg production. The keel bone is the enlarged sternum supporting flight muscles. Fractures occur when hens land after flight in aviary systems or are compressed in cages. Chronic fractures cause persistent pain evidenced by altered gait, reduced use of vertical space and impaired feeding behaviour. The egg industry lacks a mandatory monitoring or reporting requirement for keel bone fractures in most countries. Without measurement, improvement cannot be demonstrated or required.