Reintroducing apex predators to rewilded landscapes creates welfare considerations for both predator and prey. Responsible rewilding addresses individual animal welfare alongside ecosystem goals.
Rewilding involves accepting individual animal suffering as part of ecological restoration. Prey animals experiencing predator pressure suffer fear, injury and death. Reintroduced predators face unfamiliar territories, competition and establishment challenges. The welfare of individual animals in rewilded systems is not the primary objective, but it should be considered. Reintroduction protocols that include post-release monitoring, supplementary feeding during establishment and evidence-based stocking decisions reduce unnecessary suffering during the vulnerable founding phase.