Marine mammal captivity standards are under increasing scrutiny. The welfare of dolphins, orcas and walruses in entertainment facilities requires ongoing reform.
Marine mammal captivity welfare is among the most publicly debated animal welfare issues. The evidence is unambiguous: orcas and dolphins in small concrete tanks develop stress-related behaviours, abnormal social interactions and shortened lifespans. Entertainment and educational justifications do not compensate for these welfare costs. The transition pathway - from entertainment to sanctuary, from shows to natural behaviour observation - is the realistic interim solution for captive animals that cannot be fully released. Consumer decisions about attending marine mammal shows directly affect the economic viability of these facilities.