Sheep Welfare in Mountain and Hill Farming Systems

Hill and mountain sheep farming presents distinct welfare challenges including harsh weather exposure, predation, and limited veterinary access, requiring robust health planning and monitoring.

Key Facts

The UK has approximately 9 million hill and mountain sheep, about half the national flock
Harsh winter conditions, poor grazing quality, and predation from foxes and ravens cause significant welfare impacts
Gathering and handling hill sheep is physically demanding for both animals and farmers
Blowfly strike, liver fluke, and foot rot are major health challenges in upland systems
Subsidy reforms post-Brexit are reshaping the economics of upland sheep farming

Welfare Considerations

Hill sheep farming systems are extensive by nature, with less daily observation than lowland systems making detection of ill or injured animals more difficult. The welfare of hill sheep depends heavily on farmer skill, local knowledge, and commitment to regular walking and checking of stock. Climate change is altering grazing conditions, disease pressure from parasites, and extreme weather frequency, creating new challenges. Maintaining the skills and economic viability of upland farming is important for both sheep welfare and landscape stewardship.

What You Can Do

Support upland farming organisations developing welfare training and health planning resources
Advocate for subsidy systems that reward welfare outcomes alongside environmental land management
Purchase Welsh or Scottish hill lamb from farms with demonstrable welfare standards
Learn about the challenges facing upland farming communities through organisations like the Upland Alliance
Support veterinary infrastructure in rural areas to maintain access for hill farmers