Crocodilians in zoos have specific welfare needs related to thermoregulation, space, substrate, and social management. Modern zoo standards are improving understanding of their needs.
Crocodilian welfare in zoos has historically been neglected due to assumptions about their limited cognitive and emotional complexity. However, crocodilians show complex social behaviour, individual recognition, and even apparent play behaviour. Thermal gradients are essential for health as crocodilians regulate body temperature through behaviour. Inadequate water quality causes skin infections and respiratory disease. Social management is challenging as dominant individuals prevent subordinates from accessing food and basking sites. Environmental enrichment including novel objects and feeding puzzles provides behavioural stimulation. Modern zoos are developing species-specific husbandry standards for crocodilians based on growing scientific understanding.