Two seahorse species inhabit UK waters but face threats from trawling, habitat loss, and bycatch. Their welfare and conservation require specific protective measures.
UK seahorse welfare is primarily a conservation issue, as individual animals face threats from incidental bycatch in trawl fishing gear and habitat degradation. Seahorses caught as bycatch typically do not survive the process even if returned to sea due to injury from netting and pressure changes. Seagrass restoration programmes that restore seahorse habitat address both individual welfare and population recovery simultaneously. Seahorse pair bond behaviour means that population disruption affects not just individuals but long-term reproductive partnerships. Marine protected areas excluding bottom trawling provide the most effective protection for seahorse populations.