Yellowtail (Seriola species) are premium farmed fish in Japan, Australia, and Mediterranean countries. Their welfare as active open-water predators in cage systems presents specific challenges.
Yellowtail welfare in cage aquaculture is challenged by the species' natural lifestyle as fast-swimming, wide-ranging ocean predators. Sea cages necessarily restrict swimming space below natural home ranges. However, research suggests yellowtail can adapt to cage environments if water quality, stocking density, and disease management are well-managed. Fin erosion from cage contact indicates crowding stress and is a key welfare indicator. Parasite management including regular assessment and appropriate treatment is essential for welfare. The high market value of premium yellowtail products creates economic incentives for good welfare management that delivers better growth and flesh quality.