Commercial turkeys have been selectively bred to grow so rapidly that many experience chronic pain and mobility problems. Examining the welfare consequences of this extreme breeding helps identify necessary reforms.
The rapid growth rate of commercial turkeys creates profound welfare problems. Skeletal development cannot keep pace with muscle growth, leading to leg deformities, joint pain, and difficulty walking. Many birds spend extended periods sitting, which causes breast blisters and skin lesions from contact with ammonia-laden litter. Cardiovascular problems including heart failure occur in growing birds. The inability to engage in natural behaviours such as foraging, dustbathing, and roost elevation represents significant psychological deprivation. Higher welfare standards including slower-growing breeds, outdoor access, and enriched housing exist but remain a small fraction of production.