Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative condition analogous to Alzheimer's disease in humans, affecting around 50% of dogs over 11 years. Advanced management integrates environmental modification, nutritional support and medication.
CDS profoundly affects quality of life for affected dogs and their owners. Dogs experience confusion, anxiety and loss of previously learned behaviours - this is distressing and often leads to owners interpreting signs as stubbornness or behaviour problems rather than cognitive decline. Pain assessment is essential as comorbid osteoarthritis worsens night waking and restlessness. A welfare-focused management plan addresses sleep quality, anxiety, pain, nutrition and environmental predictability - and includes honest owner conversations about quality of life assessment and end-of-life planning.