The surface horses work on profoundly affects musculoskeletal health and welfare, with poor footing a major cause of injury and long-term unsoundness.
Arena surface quality directly impacts horse welfare through its effect on concussion, strain and injury risk. Horses working on inappropriate surfaces accumulate musculoskeletal damage over time that owners may not notice until significant pathology develops. Competition horses particularly need consistent well-maintained footing. The economics of arena construction create pressure to compromise on quality but the costs of resultant injuries substantially exceed investment in good footing.