Foot problems are a leading cause of premature death in zoo elephants, making foot care and appropriate substrates a critical and often underappreciated welfare priority.
Elephant foot welfare is a direct consequence of exhibit design and management philosophy. Concrete substrates were chosen for hygiene and durability, but cause irreparable joint and foot damage over years of confinement. Transitioning to softer substrates requires exhibit renovation and management changes but dramatically improves welfare outcomes. Foot care training is one of the most impactful welfare interventions available - it enables regular monitoring, early detection of problems and treatment without the extreme stress and physical harm of mechanical restraint. Zoos committed to elephant welfare need long-term exhibit renovation plans and daily foot care as non-negotiable husbandry standards.