Male dairy calves have historically been killed at birth or raised for low-welfare veal. The transition to rose veal and other higher welfare uses represents a significant welfare improvement for millions of animals.
The welfare of male dairy calves has improved substantially in the UK through industry agreements ending routine on-farm killing and expanding rose veal production. However, the transition is uneven across producing countries and the underlying problem of male calf commercial value remains. Rose veal calves living in group housing with straw bedding, adequate space, and outdoor access have dramatically better welfare than white veal calves in stalls or killed calves. The economic challenge of maintaining premium rose veal markets requires sustained consumer support to keep the welfare-positive system economically viable. Live export of male dairy calves to continental European veal systems, where welfare standards may be lower, represents a remaining welfare concern requiring ongoing attention.