Biosecurity measures for preventing spread of amphibian diseases including chytrid fungus and ranavirus in UK populations.
Amphibian diseases cause mass mortality events that involve significant individual suffering before death. Chytridiomycosis and ranavirus cause physiological distress that precedes mortality in affected animals. Biosecurity measures that prevent human-mediated disease spread are the most effective welfare intervention available, combined with habitat management that supports amphibian immune function.