How antibiotic stewardship programmes in livestock benefit animal welfare by preserving treatment effectiveness and promoting preventive health.
Antibiotic stewardship in livestock has direct and indirect welfare benefits. Preserving antibiotic effectiveness means that when treatment is genuinely needed, it remains effective. Preventive approaches that reduce infection - improved biosecurity, vaccination, and housing - simultaneously improve welfare and reduce antibiotic need. The welfare and public health dimensions of antibiotic stewardship are aligned.