Advanced understanding of animal cognition - including planning, self-awareness, and emotional complexity - has profound implications for how we assess and protect animal welfare.
Each advance in animal cognition science expands our understanding of which animals can suffer, in what ways, and with what intensity. This knowledge should directly inform how we treat animals in farming, research, and the wild. Cognitive complexity creates both greater capacity for suffering and greater potential for rich positive experience - both of which matter morally.